Feb 18, 2018  A couple of people have asked me to do a separate video on how to use the drivers in Blender so here it is: The Quick Guide about Drivers - and Black Magic in general. Keep in mind this is a. When an expression outside of this subset is used, Blender displays a “Slow Python expression” warning. However, as long as the majority of drivers use simple expressions, using a.

1. 3d Blender Tutorial
2. Blender Drivers Tutorial 2017

Training Course Details

Website –ExploreBlender.com
Instructor – Gustav Nilsson
Blender Version – 2.71
Duration – 6h 33m
Format – mp4 or streaming
Difficulty Level – Intermediate(basic knowledge of Blender required)
Purchase Options –

1. Basic €19 ($23) – Access to streaming videos at 720p
2. Premium €23 ($28) – Access to streaming and downloadable videos at 1080p(as well as lower resolutions)
3. Complete €27 ($33) – Access to hi-res streaming and downloadable videos as well as all the source files for the course

Brief Review

Drivers open up a whole new world of possibilities in animation, and Gustav Nilsson provides a fantastic introduction to the topic. By the end of this course you’ll understand the immense amount of control you can have over your objects and animations by using drivers. The highlight is a chapter on creating a spider walking along a bumpy terrain. Using drivers, its legs automatically walk forward and backward as you move the body and it automatically detects the height of the terrain underneath it for foot placement. You’ll also learn how to use drivers for creating things like a customizable ladder, animated analog and digital clocks, dominoes, and a glass of water without using fluid simulation. This is a fairly new topic for me but the progression of the course is perfect even for those new to the subject as it starts off simple and gets more complex at a great pace. In short this is an essential reference for using drivers and I highly recommend it. If you need to know more details before agreeing that this course sounds awesome then read more about it below.

Extended Review

The production quality of this course is perfect. The audio and video are both crystal clear. The content is organized on Gustav’s website. Each chapter has its own page which includes an embedded player for the streaming video, and a short text overview of the chapter so you know what information is included. If you purchased a Premium or Complete package you’ll have the option to download the videos from the website(500kb/sec on my connection) or from a DropBox page(an impressive 2mb/sec on my connection).

Gustav’s training style is straightforward and very accurate. He explains every step of the process extremely well. Some chapters include some potentially confusing math when using expressions for drivers. Although this isn’t a math course he still takes the time to give good explanations of the math used, even though you may need to rewind a few times and really pay attention before the math logic really sinks in. Below is a run-down of each chapter.

Chapter Reviews

Chapters 1-6 – Introduction and the Basics of Shape Keys, Modifiers, Armatures, Constraints and Drivers
These chapters go over the basics of each subject. Gustav explains what each one is and how to use them. Each chapter is a great introduction to its subject and is explained very thoroughly. He also has a knack for seeing things from a viewers point of view and makes sure to cover potential problems you might encounter as you’re using these tools.

Chapter 7 – Ladder
The first main chapter of the course opens by showing the end result of many drivers and shape keys created for a ladder which control many useful attributes of the ladder. These drivers control the scale, number of steps, size and thickness, and position attributes which control the automatic leaning against the wall and floor depending on the ladder’s proximity to the wall. This was a great chapter to start off the main part of the course.

Chapter 8 – Analog clock
Another fantastic example of drivers. Although I feel it’s a less practical example than the ladder it’s still very cool and inspires different ideas on how to use drivers. The chapter starts out by modeling a simple clock. Then we add drivers to each of the hands, including controls for the second hand so you can customize whether the second hands rotates smoothly from one second to the next, or if there’s a delay before it jumps to the next second. This chapter uses slightly more complex math than previous chapters. He gives good explanations of the math involved but if it’s a complicated subject for you then you may need to rewind things a few times in order to come to a complete understanding of what all the numbers and variables are doing.

Chapter 9 – Digital Clock
This chapter is a similar concept to the last, but displaying time in digital format instead of analog will be the trick here. If you survived the last chapter then this one will be very interesting and enjoyable to sit through as he shows you a technique for adding drivers to numbers so that the correct time is always displayed. I found this chapter to have a very thorough follow-through in thinking about this clock for use in animation. Gustav explains a potential problem with the current setup when using motion blur and shows you how to set up things differently to fix this problem.

Chapter 10 – Simple Domino
This is an interesting approach to making dominoes fall. I’m not the biggest fan of this particular example of using drivers considering physics could be used, but it’s interesting nonetheless and gives a perfectly controlled and predictable result. Not to mention is also saves time by avoiding physics simulations. One downside though is that using the curve modifier to set a domino path with this technique distorts the domino shapes slightly. It’s also a technique that won’t work right with motion blur. In the Advanced Domino chapter later on we learn a different technique for this that doesn’t change the domino shape and that allows motion blur. I feel both of these chapters should be combined and only use the technique in the Advanced Domino chapter, and the time saved could’ve been used to teach a different example of drivers, but it was still interesting.

Chapter 11 – Spider
This is definitely the highlight of the DVD for me. This chapter opens by showing you the result of making a spider-like creature whose legs automatically walk when you drag the body along a bumpy terrain. The feet automatically detect the ground beneath it so they know where to be placed when it takes a step, and it’s spine reacts to walking and deforms accordingly as well. I was more than excited to get into this chapter after seeing that. It’s one of those tutorials that get you excited with your progress each step of the way and never bores you. In this chapter you’ll create some seriously cool controls for controlling your spider creature. In the first few minutes you’ll already know how to make your spider’s feet automatically aware of where the ground is underneath it so that its feet can stick to it. Then you’ll move on to customizing step length and the height the feet move in between each step. After you’ve completed your leg bones and spine for your creature you’ll create a simple spidery mesh to use the skeleton on.

Chapter 12 – Advanced Domino
In this chapter you’ll take a new approach to creating dominoes so that the curve modifier does not distort the domino shapes as in the previous domino chapter, and so that motion blur can be used on the animation. You’ll also be able to control the speed of the falling dominoes with this technique. I feel this chapter gives the superior result so it should’ve been combined with the Simple Domino chapter to only teach this technique, but seeing both techniques was still very interesting.

Chapter 13 – Glass of Water
In this chapter you’ll learn how to create a simple glass of water without using fluid simulations, which is perfect for simple animations. The glass contains an adjustable amount of liquid that appears to empty the more the glass is tilted, giving the illusion that the glass is being emptied as you drink it. This is a really cool chapter with interesting techniques for creating this illusion. Just like all chapters before it, everything is well explained. Also by this point you’re well versed on using drivers and probably have your own ideas of how to achieve each step before you get to it. So it’s a more casual and satisfying chapter to watch and follow along with yet still has new information and ideas to share. The end result of this chapter is also very practical for simple or more cartoony animations so this is a great watch.

Chapter 14 – Linking and Appending
In this chapter you’ll learn how to link and append objects from other blend files into your current blend file. Gustav gives very thorough explanations of how it all works and why it’s useful.

Chapter 15 – Conclusion
Gustav wraps up the DVD by posing new challenges to you now that you’ve mastered what he’s taught you about drivers.

Final Thoughts

If you have any interest in animation or in simply learning cool new things about Blender, this course is well worth buying. Gustav is a great instructor with a very impressive understanding of the more technical aspects of Blender and a skill for making a complex subject easy to understand. To read more about this course and to purchase it, check out his website at ExploreBlender.com.

Blender is a free and open-source3D computer graphicssoftware toolset used for creating animated films, visual effects, art, 3D printed models, motion graphics, interactive 3D applications, and computer games. Blender's features include 3D modeling, UV unwrapping, texturing, raster graphics editing, rigging and skinning, fluid and smoke simulation, particle simulation, soft body simulation, sculpting, animating, match moving, rendering, motion graphics, video editing, and compositing.

While previous versions also featured an integrated game engine for quickly and easily making or prototyping games, it was removed with the release of the current version 2.80 in 2019.^[10]

• 1History
• 2Features
  • 2.5File format
• 3Cycles rendering engine
  • 3.4Materials
• 5Physics
  • 5.2Fluid simulation
• 6Development
• 10Open projects
• 11Online services

History[edit]

The Dutch animation studio NeoGeo started to develop Blender as an in-house application and based on the timestamps for the first source files, January 2, 1994 is considered to be Blender's birthday.^[11] The version 1.00 was released in January 1995,^[12] with the primary author being company co-owner and software developer Ton Roosendaal. The name Blender was inspired by a song by Yello, from the album Baby which NeoGeo used in its showreel.^[13][14] Some of the design choices and experiences for Blender were carried over from an earlier software called Traces, that Ton Roosendaal developed for NeoGeo on the Commodore Amiga platform during the 1987–1991 period.^[15]

On January 1, 1998, Blender was released publicly online as SGI freeware.^[1] NeoGeo was later dissolved and its client contracts were taken over by another company. After NeoGeo's dissolution, Ton Roosendaal founded Not a Number Technologies (NaN) in June 1998 to further develop Blender, initially distributing it as shareware until NaN went bankrupt in 2002. This also meant, at the time, discontinuing the development of Blender.^[16]

In May 2002, Roosendaal started the non-profit Blender Foundation, with the first goal to find a way to continue developing and promoting Blender as a community-based open-source project. On July 18, 2002, Roosendaal started the 'Free Blender' campaign, a crowdfunding precursor.^[17][18] The campaign aimed for open-sourcing Blender for a one-time payment of €100,000 (US$100,670 at the time) collected from the community.^[19] On September 7, 2002, it was announced that they had collected enough funds and would release the Blender source code. Today, Blender is free and open-source software largely developed by its community, alongside two full-time and two part-time employees employed by the Blender Institute.^[20]

The Blender Foundation initially reserved the right to use dual licensing, so that, in addition to GPLv2, Blender would have been available also under the Blender License that did not require disclosing source code but required payments to the Blender Foundation. However, they never exercised this option and suspended it indefinitely in 2005.^[21] Blender is solely available under 'GNU GPLv2 or any later' and was not updated to the GPLv3, as 'no evident benefits' were seen.^[22]

Suzanne[edit]

In January–February 2002 it was clear that NaN could not survive and would close its doors in March. Nevertheless, they put out one more release, 2.25. As a sort-of easter egg, and last personal tag, the artists and developers decided to add a 3D model of a chimpanzee head. It was created by Willem-Paul van Overbruggen (SLiD3), who named it Suzanne after the orangutan in the Kevin Smith film Jay and Silent Bob Strike Back.

Suzanne is Blender's alternative to more common test models such as the Utah Teapot and the Stanford Bunny. A low-polygon model with only 500 faces, Suzanne is often used as a quick and easy way to test material, animation, rigs, texture, and lighting setups and is also frequently used in joke images.^{[citation needed]} Suzanne is still included in Blender. The largest Blender contest gives out an award called the Suzanne Award.

Release history[edit]

The following table lists notable developments during Blender's release history.

Features[edit]

Official releases of Blender for Microsoft Windows, MacOS and Linux,^[43] as well as a port for FreeBSD,^[44] are available in both 32-bit and 64-bit versions. Though it is often distributed without extensive example scenes found in some other programs,^[45] the software contains features that are characteristic of high-end 3D software. Among its capabilities are:

• Support for a variety of geometric primitives, including polygon meshes, fast subdivision surface modeling, Bezier curves, NURBS surfaces, metaballs, icospheres, multi-res digital sculpting (including dynamic topology, maps baking, remeshing, resymetrize, decimation), outline font, and a new n-gon modeling system called B-mesh.
• Internal render engine with scanline rendering, indirect lighting, and ambient occlusion that can export in a wide variety of formats.
• A pathtracer render engine called Cycles, which can take advantage of the GPU for rendering. Cycles supports the Open Shading Language since Blender 2.65.^[46]
• Integration with a number of external render engines through plugins.
• Keyframed animation tools including inverse kinematics, armature (skeletal), hook, curve and lattice-based deformations, shape animations, non-linear animation, constraints, and vertex weighting.
• Simulation tools for soft body dynamics including mesh collision detection, LBMfluid dynamics, smoke simulation, Bulletrigid body dynamics, ocean generator with waves.
• A particle system that includes support for particle-based hair.
• Modifiers to apply non-destructive effects.
• Python scripting for tool creation and prototyping, game logic, importing/exporting from other formats, task automation and custom tools.
• Basic non-linear video/audio editing.
• A fully integrated node-based compositor within the rendering pipeline accelerated with OpenCL.
• Procedural and node-based textures, as well as texture painting, projective painting, vertex painting, weight painting and dynamic painting.
• Real-time control during physics simulation and rendering.
• Camera and object tracking.
• Grease Pencil tools for 2D animation within a full 3D pipeline.
• The 3D viewport and UV editor have new interactive tools and gizmos, along with a new toolbar. These make it easier for new users to start using Blender, and for existing users to discover and use tools that previously required obscure key combinations.
• The new contextual toolbars enable quick access to tools.
• Eevee is a new physically based real-time renderer. It works both as a renderer for final frames, and as the engine driving Blender’s realtime viewport for creating assets.

Deprecated features[edit]

• The Blender Game Engine was a built-in realtime graphics and logic engine with features such including collision detection, a dynamics engine, and programmable logic. It also allowed the creation of stand-alone, real-time applications ranging from architectural visualization to video games. In April 2018 it was removed from the upcoming Blender 2.8 release series, having long lagged behind other game engines such as the open-source Godot, and Unity.^[10]
• Blender Internal, a biased rasterization engine / scanline renderer used in the previous versions of Blender was also removed for the 2.80 release, in favor of EEVEE renderer. ^[47]

• Using the node editor to create anisotropic metallic materials

• A 3D rendering with ray tracing and ambient occlusion using Blender and YafaRay

• Rendering of a house

• The main character from the Blender Sintel open film

• A simple fluid simulation done with Blender

User interface[edit]

Blender's user interface incorporates the following concepts:

Editing modes

The two primary modes of work are Object Mode and Edit Mode, which are toggled with the Tab key. Object mode is used to manipulate individual objects as a unit, while Edit mode is used to manipulate the actual object data. For example, Object Mode can be used to move, scale, and rotate entire polygon meshes, and Edit Mode can be used to manipulate the individual vertices of a single mesh. There are also several other modes, such as Vertex Paint, Weight Paint, and Sculpt Mode.

Hotkey usage

Most of the commands are accessible via hotkeys. There are also comprehensive GUI menus.

Numeric input

Numeric buttons can be 'dragged' to change their value directly without the need to aim at a particular widget, as well as being set using the keyboard. Both sliders and number buttons can be constrained to various step sizes with modifiers like the Ctrl and Shift keys. Python expressions can also be typed directly into number entry fields, allowing mathematical expressions to specify values.

Workspace management

The Blender GUI builds its own tiled windowing system on top of one or multiple windows provided by the underlying platform. One platform window (often sized to fill the screen) is divided into sections and subsections that can be of any type of Blender's views or window-types. The user can define multiple layouts of such Blender windows, called screens, and switch quickly between them by selecting from a menu or with keyboard shortcuts. Each window-type's own GUI elements can be controlled with the same tools that manipulate 3D view. For example, one can zoom in and out of GUI-buttons using similar controls one zooms in and out in the 3D viewport. The GUI viewport and screen layout is fully user-customizable. It is possible to set up the interface for specific tasks such as video editing or UV mapping or texturing by hiding features not used for the task.^[48]

Hardware requirements[edit]

Supported platforms[edit]

Blender is available for Windows 7 and above, Mac OS X 10.6 and above, and Linux. Blender 2.76b is the last supported release for Windows XP and version 2.63 was the last supported release for PowerPC.^[49]

File format[edit]

Blender features an internal file system that can pack multiple scenes into a single file (called a '.blend' file).

• All of Blender's '.blend' files are forward, backward, and cross-platform compatible with other versions of Blender, with the following exceptions:
  • Loading animations stored in post-2.5 files in Blender pre-2.5. This is due to the reworked animation subsystem introduced in Blender 2.5 being inherently incompatible with older versions.
  • Loading meshes stored in post 2.63. This is due to the introduction of BMesh, a more versatile mesh format.
• All scenes, objects, materials, textures, sounds, images, post-production effects for an entire animation can be stored in a single '.blend' file. Data loaded from external sources, such as images and sounds, can also be stored externally and referenced through either an absolute or relative pathname. Likewise, '.blend' files themselves can also be used as libraries of Blender assets.
• Interface configurations are retained in the '.blend' files.

A wide variety of import/export scripts that extend Blender capabilities (accessing the object data via an internal API) make it possible to inter-operate with other 3D tools.

Blender organizes data as various kinds of 'data blocks', such as Objects, Meshes, Lamps, Scenes, Materials, Images and so on. An object in Blender consists of multiple data blocks – for example, what the user would describe as a polygon mesh consists of at least an Object and a Mesh data block, and usually also a Material and many more, linked together. This allows various data blocks to refer to each other. There may be, for example, multiple Objects that refer to the same Mesh, and making subsequent editing of the shared mesh result in shape changes in all Objects using this Mesh. Objects, meshes, materials, textures etc. can also be linked to from other .blend files, which is what allows the use of .blend files as reusable resource libraries.

Import and export[edit]

The software supports a variety of 3D file formats for import and export, among them Alembic, 3D Studio (3DS), Filmbox (FBX), Autodesk (DXF), SVG, STL (for 3D printing), VRML and X3D.

Video editing[edit]

Blender features a fully functional, production ready Non-Linear video editor called Video Sequence Editor or VSE for short. Blender's VSE has many features including effects like Gaussian Blur, color grading, Fade and Wipe transitions, and other video transformations. However, there is no multi-core support for rendering video with VSE.

Cycles rendering engine[edit]

Cycles is a path-tracingrender engine that is designed to be interactive and easy to use, while still supporting many production features.^[50] It comes installed as an add-on that is available by default and can be activated in the top header.

GPU rendering[edit]

Cycles supports GPU rendering which is used to help speed up rendering times. There are two GPU rendering modes: CUDA, which is the preferred method for NVIDIA graphics cards; and OpenCL, which supports rendering on AMD graphics cards. Multiple GPUs are also supported, which can be used to create a render farm – although having multiple GPUs doesn't increase the available memory because each GPU can only access its own memory.^[51]

Integrator[edit]

The integrator is the rendering algorithm used for lighting computations. Cycles currently supports a path tracing integrator with direct light sampling. It works well for various lighting setups, but is not as suitable for caustics and some other complex lighting situations. Rays are traced from the camera into the scene, bouncing around until they find a light source such as a lamp, an object emitting light, the world background or are simply terminated based on the number of maximum bounces determined in the light path settings. To find lamps and surfaces emitting light, both indirect light sampling (letting the ray follow the surface BSDF) and direct light sampling (picking a light source and tracing a ray towards it) are used.^[53]

There are two types of integrators:

1. The default path tracing integrator is a pure path tracer. This integrator works by sending a number of light rays that act as photons from the camera out onto the scene. These rays will eventually hit either a light source, an object or terminate if it hits the world background. On the event that these rays hit an object, they will bounce based on the angle of impact and continue bouncing until a light source has been reached. If the ray finds no light sources and has bounced a maximum number of times determined by the user, it will terminate and therefore result in a black pixel. These rays are calculated multiple times and averaged out between rays in each individual pixel in a process known as sampling. This sampling number is set by the user and greatly affects the final image. Lower sampling often results in more noise and potentially 'fireflies' while higher sampling greatly reduces noise while also increasing render times.
2. The alternative is a branched path tracing integrator which mostly works the same way as the former. Branched path tracing splits the light rays at each interaction with an object for different surface components and takes all lights into account for shading instead of just one. This makes each sample slower, but reduces noise, especially in scenes dominated by direct or one-bounce lighting.

Open Shading Language[edit]

Blender users can create their own nodes using the Open Shading Language although it is important to note that there is no support for it on GPUs.^[54]

Materials[edit]

Materials define the look of meshes, NURBS curves and other geometric objects. They consist of three shaders, defining the mesh's appearance of the surface, volume inside, and displacement of the surface.^[50]

Surface shader[edit]

The surface shader defines the light interaction at the surface of the mesh. One or more BSDFs can specify if incoming light is reflected back, refracted into the mesh, or absorbed.^[50]

Volume shader[edit]

When the surface shader does not reflect or absorb light, it enters the volume. If no volume shader is specified, it will pass straight through to the other side of the mesh.

If one is defined, a volume shader describes the light interaction as it passes through the volume of the mesh. Light may be scattered, absorbed, or emitted at any point in the volume.^[50]

Displacement shader[edit]

The shape of the surface may be altered by displacement shaders. This way, textures can be used to make the mesh surface more detailed.

Depending on the settings, the displacement may be virtual, only modifying the surface normals to give the impression of displacement (also known as bump mapping) or a combination of real and virtual displacement.^[50]

Demo reels[edit]

The Blender website contains several demo reels that showcase various features of Blender.^[55]

Other rendering engines[edit]

Engines included in Blender:

• Blender Render (Blender Internal) — Blender's non photorealistic renderer. It was removed from Blender in version 2.8.^[47]
• Cycles — Unbiasedpath tracing render engine. Included in Blender from version 2.61.^[56]
• Clay Render — Renderer overwrites materials in BI or Cycles to Render clay with choice of diffuse color. Included in Blender from version 2.79.^[57]
• EEVEE — Real-timePBR renderer. Render engine has been nicknamed Eevee,^[58] later coined backronym — Extra Easy Virtual Environment Engine.^[59] Included in Blender from version 2.8.^[60]

External renderers, free and open-source:^[61]

• Mitsuba Render^[62]
• LuxRender and LuxCoreRender
• appleseed Render^[63]
• NOX Renderer^[64]
• Radeon ProRender — Radeon ProRender for Blender

External renderers, proprietary:

• Pixar RenderMan — Blender render addon for RenderMan
• Octane Render — OctaneRender plugin for Blender
• Indigo Renderer — Indigo for Blender
• V-Ray — V-Ray for Blender, V-Ray Standalone is needed for rendering
• Maxwell Render — B-Maxwell addon for Blender
• Thea Render — Thea for Blender^[65]
• Corona Renderer — Blender To Corona exporter, Corona Standalone is needed for rendering^[66]

Physics[edit]

Blender can be used to simulate smoke, rain, dust, cloth, water, hair and rigid bodies.^[67]

Cloth simulation[edit]

A cloth is any piece of mesh that has been designated as 'cloth' in the physics tab.

Fluid simulation[edit]

Physics fluid simulation[edit]

The fluid simulator can be used for simulating liquids, like water hitting a cup.^[68] It uses the Lattice Boltzmann methods to simulate the fluids and allows for lots of adjusting of the amount of particles and the resolution.

Particle fluid simulation[edit]

The particle physics fluid simulation creates particles that follow the Smoothed-particle hydrodynamics method.^[69]

Development[edit]

Since the opening of the source, Blender has experienced significant refactoring of the initial codebase and major additions to its feature set.

Improvements include an animation system refresh;^[70] a stack-based modifier system;^[71] an updated particle system^[72] (which can also be used to simulate hair and fur); fluid dynamics; soft-body dynamics; GLSL shaders support^[73] in the game engine; advanced UV unwrapping;^[74] a fully recoded render pipeline, allowing separate render passes and 'render to texture'; node-based material editing and compositing; and projection painting.^[75]

Part of these developments were fostered by Google's Summer of Code program, in which the Blender Foundation has participated since 2005.

Blender 2.8 Project[edit]

Official planning for the next major revision of Blender after the 2.7 series began in the latter half of 2015, with potential targets including a more configurable UI (dubbed 'Blender 101'), support for Physically based rendering (PBR) (dubbed EEVEE for 'Extra Easy Virtual Environment Engine') to bring improved realtime 3D graphics to the viewport, allowing the use of C++11 and C99 in the codebase, moving to a newer version of OpenGL and dropping support for versions before 3.2, and a possible overhaul of the particle and constraint systems.^[76][77] Blender Internal renderer has been removed from 2.8.^[47]Code Quest was a project started in April 2018 set in Amsterdam, at the Blender Institute.^[78] The goal of the project was to get a large development team working in one place, in order to speed up the development of Blender 2.8.^[78] By June 29, 2018, the Code Quest project ended, and on July 2, the alpha version was completed.^[79] Beta testing commenced on November 29, 2018 and was anticipated to take until July 2019.^[80] Blender 2.80 has been released on July 30, 2019^[81].

Support[edit]

Blender is extensively documented on its website,^[82] with the rest of the support provided via community tutorials and discussion forums on the Internet. The Blender Network provides support and social services for Blender professionals. Additionally, YouTube is known to have many video tutorials available for either Blender amateurs or professionals at no cost.

Clones[edit]

Due to Blender's open-source nature, other programs have tried to take advantage of its success by repackaging and selling cosmetically-modified versions of it. Examples include IllusionMage, 3DMofun, 3DMagix, and Fluid Designer,^[83] the latter being recognized as Blender-based.

3d Blender Tutorial

Use in the media industry[edit]

• Blender started out as an in-house tool for NeoGeo, a Dutch commercial animation company.^[84] Blender has been used for television commercials in several parts of the world including Australia,^[85]Iceland,^[86]Brazil,^[87][88]Russia^[89] and Sweden.^[90]
• Blender is used by NASA for publicly available 3D models. Many 3D models on NASA's 3D resources page are in a native .blend format.^[91]
• NASA also used Blender to develop an interactive web application Experience Curiosity to celebrate the 3rd anniversary of the Curiosity rover landing on Mars.^[92] This app^[93] makes it possible to operate the rover, control its cameras and the robotic arm and reproduces some of the prominent events of the Mars Science Laboratory mission.^[94] The application was presented at the beginning of the WebGL section on SIGGRAPH 2015.^[95]
• The first large professional project that used Blender was Spider-Man 2, where it was primarily used to create animatics and pre-visualizations for the storyboard department.^[96]
• The French-language film Friday or Another Day (Vendredi ou un autre jour ^[fr]) was the first 35 mm feature film to use Blender for all the special effects, made on Linux workstations.^[97] It won a prize at the Locarno International Film Festival. The special effects were by Digital Graphics of Belgium.^[98]
• Blender has also been used for shows on the History Channel, alongside many other professional 3D graphics programs.^[99]
• Tomm Moore's The Secret of Kells, which was partly produced in Blender by the Belgian studio Digital Graphics, has been nominated for an Oscar in the category 'Best Animated Feature Film'.^[100]
• Plumíferos, a commercial animated feature film created entirely in Blender,^[101] had premiered in February 2010 in Argentina. Its main characters are anthropomorphictalking animals.
• Special effects for episode 6 of Red Dwarf season X, screened in 2012, were created using Blender as confirmed by Ben Simonds of Gecko Animation.^{[102][103][104]}
• Blender was used for both CGI and compositing for the movie Hardcore Henry.^[105]
• The special effects for the TV series The Man in the High Castle were done in Blender, with some of the particle simulations relegated to Houdini.^[106][107]
• Blender was used for pre-visual effects in Captain America: The Winter Soldier^[108] and many of the visual effects in the feature film Sabogal were done in Blender.^[109] Director David F. Sandberg used Blender for multiple shots in Lights Out,^[110] and Annabelle: Creation.^[111][112] Blender was used for parts of the credit sequences in Wonder Woman^[113] and for doing the animation in the film Cinderella the Cat.^[114]
• Some promotional artwork for Super Smash Bros. for Nintendo 3DS and Wii U was partially created using Blender.^[115]
• The experimental hip-hop group Death Grips has used Blender to produce music videos. A screenshot from the program is briefly visible in the music video for Inanimate Sensation.
• The 2018 film Next Gen was fully created in Blender by Tangent Animation. A team of developers worked on improving Blender for internal use, but it is planned to eventually add those improvements to the official Blender build.^[116][117]
• Blender was used to create the character 'Murloc' in the 2016 film Warcraft.^[118]
• Ubisoft Animation Studio will use Blender to replace its internal content creation software starting in 2020.^[119]
• Khara and its child company Project Studio Q are trying to replace their main tool, 3ds Max, with Blender. They started 'field verification' of Blender during their ongoing production of Evangelion: 3.0+1.0.^[120] They also signed up as Corporate Silver and Bronze members of Development Fund.^[121][122]

Open projects[edit]

Since 2005, every 1–2 years the Blender Foundation announces a new creative project to help drive innovation in Blender.^[123][124]

Elephants Dream (Open Movie Project: Orange)[edit]

In September 2005, some of the most notable Blender artists and developers began working on a short film using primarily free software, in an initiative known as the Orange Movie Project hosted by the Netherlands Media Art Institute (NIMk). The resulting film, Elephants Dream, premiered on March 24, 2006. In response to the success of Elephants Dream, the Blender Foundation founded the Blender Institute to do additional projects with two announced projects: Big Buck Bunny, also known as 'Project Peach' (a 'furry and funny' short open animated film project) and Yo Frankie!, also known as Project Apricot (an open game in collaboration with CrystalSpace that reused some of the assets created during Project Peach). This has later made its way to Nintendo 3DS's Nintendo Video between the years 2012 and 2013.

Big Buck Bunny (Open Movie Project: Peach)[edit]

On October 1, 2007, a new team started working on a second open project, 'Peach', for the production of the short movie Big Buck Bunny. This time, however, the creative concept was totally different. Instead of the deep and mystical style of Elephants Dream, things are more 'funny and furry' according to the official site.^[125] The movie had its premiere on April 10, 2008.

Yo Frankie! (Open Game Project: Apricot)[edit]

'Apricot' is a project for production of a game based on the universe and characters of the Peach movie (Big Buck Bunny) using free software. The game is titled Yo Frankie!. The project started on February 1, 2008, and development was completed at the end of July 2008. A finalized product was expected at the end of August; however, the release was delayed. The game was released on December 9, 2008, under either the GNU GPL or LGPL, with all content being licensed under Creative Commons Attribution 3.0.^[126]

Sintel (Open Movie Project: Durian)[edit]

The Blender Foundation's Project Durian^[127] (in keeping with the tradition of fruits as code names) was this time chosen to make a fantasy action epic of about twelve minutes in length,^[128] starring a teenage girl and a young dragon as the main characters. The film premiered online on September 30, 2010.^[129] A game based on Sintel was officially announced on Blenderartists.org on May 12, 2010.^[130][131]

Many of the new features integrated into Blender 2.5 and beyond were a direct result of Project Durian.

Tears of Steel (Open Movie Project: Mango)[edit]

On October 2, 2011, the fourth open movie project, codenamed 'Mango', was announced by the Blender Foundation.^[132][133] A team of artists assembled using an open call of community participation. It is the first Blender open movie to use live action as well as CG.

Filming for Mango started on May 7, 2012, and the movie was released on September 26, 2012. As with the previous films, all footage, scenes and models were made available under a free content compliant Creative Commons license.^[134][133]

According to the film's press release, 'The film's premise is about a group of warriors and scientists, who gather at the 'Oude Kerk' in Amsterdam to stage a crucial event from the past, in a desperate attempt to rescue the world from destructive robots.'^[135]

Cosmos Laundromat (Open Movie Project: Gooseberry)[edit]

On January 10, 2011, Ton Roosendaal announced that the fifth open movie project would be codenamed 'Gooseberry' and that its goal would be to produce a feature-length animated film. He speculated that production would begin sometime between 2012 and 2014.^[136] The film was to be written and produced by a coalition of international animation studios. The studio lineup was announced on January 28, 2014,^[137] and production began soon thereafter. As of March 2014, a moodboard had been constructed^[138] and development goals had been set. The initial ten minute pilot was released on YouTube on August 10, 2015.^[139] It won the SIGGRAPH 2016 Computer Animation Festival Jury's Choice award.^[140]

Glass Half[edit]

This project demonstrates real-time rendering capabilities using OpenGL for 3D animation.

Caminandes[edit]

Caminandes is a series of animated short films and centers on the llama Koro in Patagonia and his attempts to overcome various obstacles.

• Caminandes 1: Llama Drama (2013)
• Caminandes 2: Gran Dillama (2013)
• Caminandes 3: Llamigos (2016)

Agent 327: Operation Barbershop[edit]

Agent 327: Operation Barbershop is the three-minute teaser for a planned full-length animated feature and is based on the classic comics series Agent 327.

Reinstall windows xp from cd player. (The system bios can usually be entered on boot, usually by pressing the F1, F2, F8, F10 or DEL key.

Hero[edit]

Hero is the first open movie project to demonstrate the capabilities of the Grease Pencil tool in Blender 2.8.

Spring[edit]

On 25 October 2017, an upcoming animated short film named Spring was announced to be produced by the Blender Animation Studio. Spring was released April 4, 2019.^[141][142] Its purpose was to test Blender 2.8's capabilities before its official release.^[143] From the video description, 'Spring is the story of a shepherd girl and her dog, who face ancient spirits in order to continue the cycle of life. This poetic and visually stunning short film was written and directed by Andy Goralczyk, inspired by his childhood in the mountains of Germany.'

Online services[edit]

Blender Cloud[edit]

The Blender Cloud platform, launched in March 2014 and operated by the Blender Institute, is a subscription-based cloud computing platform and Blender client add-on which provides hosting and synchronization for backed-up animation project files.^[144] It was launched to promote and fundraise for Project: Gooseberry, and is intended to replace the selling of DVDs by the Blender Foundation with a subscription-based model for file hosting, asset sharing and collaboration.^[145][146] A feature of the Blender Cloud is Blender Sync, which provides synchronization between Blender clients for file changes, user preferences and other features.^[147]

Blender ID[edit]

The Blender ID is a unified login for Blender software and service users, providing a login for Blender Cloud, the Blender Store, the Blender Conference, Blender Network, Blender Development Fund and the Blender Foundation Certified Trainer Program.^[148]

Apr 13, 2019  Most Pokemon ROM hacks are distributed in.ips or.ups file format. To play the game, you have to patch these files using a patching tool such as Lunar IPS Patcher (IPS file patching) and Tsukuyomi (UPS file patching); Please note that these files are for FREE, while some creators accept donations, you can report to the game author if you caught someone selling. Looking for the next Pokemon GBA rom hack to play but want it Fire Red based? Many rom hacks are based on Fire Red that’s why I understand why you are struggling to search for a good one. In this page, you will find a list high rated and player’s choicePokemon Fire Red rom hacks and it’s likely that you already heard or played any of these. Pokemon Radish and Celery: Here comes another Pokemon Fire Red hack: Pokemon Radish and Celery. What are the differences of Pokemon Radish and Celery and other hacks? To know that, just download and try it yourself. The main goal is creating a whole new universe with new characters, cities and GYMs. Download Pokemon Sun & Moon FireRed, a GBA Rom Hack, Latest Version: Beta 1.5, pre-patched and ready to play. Updated February 8, 2017. Pokemon fire red omega (hack) gba rom cool. A list of pre-patched and tested Pokemon Rom Hacks, available to play on a Game Boy Advance emulator. If you are new to roms, learn how to play them here. If you find a game you've played not in the list, please suggest a hack in the comments section. This might help somebody else out.

See also[edit]

• ManuelbastioniLAB, a free and open-source plug-in for Blender for the parametric 3D modeling of photorealistic humanoid characters

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Further reading[edit]

• Van Gumster, Jason (2009). Blender For Dummies. Indianapolis, Indiana: Wiley Publishing, Inc. p. 408. ISBN978-0-470-40018-0.
• 'Blender 3D Design, Spring 2008'. Tufts OpenCourseWare. Tufts University. 2008. Archived from the original on July 20, 2011. Retrieved July 23, 2011.
• 'Release Logs'. Blender.org. Blender Foundation. Retrieved July 23, 2011.

External links[edit]

• Official website

Blender Drivers Tutorial 2017